Numbers

1. Бір — Екі — Үш

   Bir — Ye-ki — Üsh

   One – Two – Three

   Usage

   Basic numbers 1 to 3

   Grammar Note

   Kazakh numbers are common across Turkic languages. Sequence: Bir(1), Eki(2), Üsh(3), Tört(4), Bes(5). Vowel harmony governs forms

2. Төрт — Бес — Алты

   Tört — Bes — Al-ty

   Four – Five – Six

   Usage

   Basic numbers 4 to 6

   Grammar Note

   "Bes" (5) is the same word in "Beshbarmak". Across Turkic languages 5 = "bes/beş". Nouns after numerals stay singular — no double-marking

3. Жеті — Сегіз — Тоғыз

   Je-ti — Se-giz — To-ghyz

   Seven – Eight – Nine

   Usage

   Basic numbers 7 to 9

   Grammar Note

   Kazakh uses base-10 system. "Jeti" (7) appears often in Kazakh mythology and folklore. "Jeti ata" (seven ancestral generations) is a key cultural concept

4. Он — Жиырма — Отыз

   On — Ji-yr-ma — O-tyz

   Ten – Twenty – Thirty

   Usage

   Tens: 10, 20, 30

   Grammar Note

   11+ = "On bir" (11), "On eki" (12). Tens: 20=Jiyrma, 30=Otyz, 40=Qyryq, 50=Elu, 60=Alpys, 70=Jetpis, 80=Seksen, 90=Toqsan

5. Жүз — Мың — Миллион

   Jüz — Myñ — Mil-lion

   Hundred – Thousand – Million

   Usage

   Large number units

   Grammar Note

   "Jüz" (100) is shared across Turkic languages. Combinations: "Eki jüz" (200), "Bes myñ" (5000). Kazakh tenge prices commonly use hundreds to thousands

6. Сағат нешеде?

   Sa-ğat ne-she-de?

   What time is it?

   Usage

   Asking what time it is

   Grammar Note

   "Neshe" (how many) + locative "-de" = at what time. Answers: "Sağat üsh" (3 o'clock), "Sağat on eki" (12 o'clock). "Sağat" from Arabic

7. Бүгін нешінші күн?

   Bü-gin ne-shin-shi kün?

   What is today's date?

   Usage

   Asking about today's date

   Grammar Note

   Ordinal question "neshinshi" (which ordinal). Ordinals: number + "-ynshy/-inshi": "birinshi" (1st), "ekinshi" (2nd), "üshinshi" (3rd)

8. Бір жылда он екі ай бар

   Bir jyl-da on ye-ki ay bar

   There are twelve months in a year

   Usage

   Example sentence showing how years and months are counted

   Grammar Note

   "Ay" means both "moon" and "month" in Turkic. "Jylda" = in a year (locative). SOV: "bar" (there is) comes last

9. Жарты — Ширек

   Jar-ty — Shi-rek

   Half – Quarter

   Usage

   Fractions used in telling time or quantities

   Grammar Note

   "Sağat üsh jarym" = half past three. "Jarty" as adjective: "jarty litr" (half liter). "Shirek" (quarter) borrowed from Persian

10. Нөл

    Nöl

    Zero

    Usage

    Expressing zero in phone numbers, temperatures, etc.

    Grammar Note

    Borrowed via Russian (ноль). Phone numbers read digit by digit: "Nöl jeti jeti…" (077…). Temperature: "Nöl gradus" (0 degrees). Numeral system is Turkic with borrowings

11. Бірінші — Екінші — Үшінші

    Bi-rin-shi — Ye-kin-shi — Ü-shin-shi

    First – Second – Third

    Usage

    Ordinal numbers expressing order

    Grammar Note

    Ordinal = cardinal + "-ynshy/-inshi": "Bir→Birinshi", "Eki→Ekinshi", "Üsh→Üshinshi". Vowel harmony governs suffix. "Birinshi qabat" = first floor

12. Жасым жиырма жетіде

    Ja-sym ji-yr-ma je-ti-de

    I'm 27 years old

    Usage

    Answering when someone asks "Jasyñyz qansha?" (how old are you?)

    Grammar Note

    Age is stated as "jas" (age) with the 1sg possessive plus the numeral in the locative. Kazakh literature has the same shape: "Jasy jiyrma jetide" (his age is twenty-seven)

13. Мен биыл жиырма сегіз жасқа толамын

    Men bi-yl ji-yr-ma se-giz jas-qa to-la-myn

    I turn 28 this year

    Usage

    Saying that your birthday falls within this year, so your age changes

    Grammar Note

    "N jasqa tolu" means "to turn N". News writing uses the same shape: "75 jasqa toldy" (turned 75). "Biyl" is the adverb meaning "osy jyl" (this year)

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